原文链接 作者: Mohamed Sanaulla
早先我写了一篇《函数式接口》 ,探讨了Java8中函数式接口的用法。如果你正在浏览Java8的API,我也提及了Predicate接口属于java.util.function包,在这篇文章中,我将展示如何应用Predicate接口和Consumer接口。
一起看一下Predicate的官方文档::
Determines if the input object matches some criteria.
即判断输入的对象是否符合某个条件。
在Predicate接口中,有以下5个方法(你肯定好奇为何此接口属于函数式接口。如果你这么想,在使用接口前应该好好研读方法的注释):
//Returns a predicate which evaluates to true only if this predicate
//and the provided predicate both evaluate to true.
and ( Predicate <? super T > p )
//Returns a predicate which negates the result of this predicate.
negate ()
//Returns a predicate which evaluates to true if either
//this predicate or the provided predicate evaluates to true
or ( Predicate <? super T > p )
//Returns true if the input object matches some criteria
test ( T t )
//Returns a predicate that evaluates to true if both or neither
//of the component predicates evaluate to true
xor ( Predicate <? super T > p )
除了test()方法是抽象方法以外,其他方法都是默认方法(译者注:在Java 8中,接口可以包含带有实现代码的方法,这些方法称为default方法)。可以使用匿名内部类提供test()方法的实现,也可以使用lambda表达式实现test()。
Consumer接口的文档声明如下:
An operation which accepts a single input argument and returns no result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, Consumer is expected to operate via side-effects.
即接口表示一个接受单个输入参数并且没有返回值的操作。不像其他函数式接口,Consumer接口期望执行带有副作用的操作(译者注:Consumer的操作可能会更改输入参数的内部状态)。
Consumer接口中有2个方法,有且只有一个声明为accept(T t)的方法,接收一个输入参数并且没有返回值。为了详细说明Predicate和Consumer接口,我们来考虑一下学生的例子:Student类包含姓名,分数以及待付费用,每个学生可根据分数获得不同程度的费用折扣。
class Student {
String firstName ;
String lastName ;
Double grade ;
Double feeDiscount = 0.0 ;
Double baseFee = 20000.0 ;
public Student ( String firstName , String lastName , Double grade ) {
this . firstName = firstName ;
this . lastName = lastName ;
this . grade = grade ;
}
public void printFee (){
Double newFee = baseFee - (( baseFee * feeDiscount ) / 100 );
System . out . println ( "The fee after discount: " + newFee );
}
}
我们分别声明一个接受Student对象的Predicate接口以及Consumer接口的实现类。如果你还不熟悉Function接口,那么你需要花几分钟阅读一下这篇文章 。这个例子使用Predicate接口实现类的test()方法判断输入的Student对象是否拥有费用打折的资格,然后使用Consumer接口的实现类更新输入的Student对象的折扣。
public class PreidcateConsumerDemo {
public static Student updateStudentFee ( Student student , Predicate < Student > predicate , Consumer < Student > consumer ){
//Use the predicate to decide when to update the discount.
if ( predicate . test ( student )){
//Use the consumer to update the discount value.
consumer . accept ( student );
}
return student ;
}
}
Predicate和Consumer接口的test()和accept()方法都接受一个泛型参数。不同的是test()方法进行某些逻辑判断并返回一个boolean值,而accept()接受并改变某个对象的内部值。
updateStudentFee方法的调用如下所示:
public static void main ( String [] args ) {
Student student1 = new Student ( "Ashok" , "Kumar" , 9.5 );
student1 = updateStudentFee ( student1 ,
//Lambda expression for Predicate interface
student -> student . grade > 8.5 ,
//Lambda expression for Consumer inerface
student -> student . feeDiscount = 30.0 );
student1 . printFee ();
Student student2 = new Student ( "Rajat" , "Verma" , 8.0 );
student2 = updateStudentFee ( student2 ,
student -> student . grade >= 8 ,
student -> student . feeDiscount = 20.0 );
student2 . printFee ();
}